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  3. 宅在家也要增肌減脂 居家防疫擁有好身材

宅在家也要增肌減脂 居家防疫擁有好身材

2021/7/13
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全國三級警戒延長,健身無處去,宅在家往往吃多動少,害怕胖過頭,解禁之後會讓同事或同學認不出來嗎?中國醫藥大學新竹附設醫院營養師黃琳惠帶您了解如何增肌減脂,居家防疫也能擁有好身材。

許多人認為,運動後要補充大量蛋白質幫助肌肉增長,運動完只吃高蛋白食物或大量乳清蛋白,沒運動時也維持高蛋白飲食,這樣做正確嗎?

從運動營養學的觀點來看,「增肌」靠的是醣類來協助蛋白質合成,「減脂」則需控制總熱量攝取,同時搭配有氧及無氧運動效果更好。運動時,身體會優先使用肌肉肝醣做為能量來源,此時血糖上升並刺激胰島素分泌,促使胺基酸進入肌肉細胞合成蛋白質,修復鍛鍊後的肌肉組織,幫助增加肌耐力並提升運動表現。當肌肉肝醣用盡且沒有額外補充醣類食物時,脂肪又只能行有氧作用,肌肉中的胺基酸只好走無氧醣解途徑產生成能量供身體使用,導致肌肉量的流失。因此不論健身或減重,若搭配錯誤的飲食方式,會造成反效果。

進食時間點也是增肌減脂的重要環節,研究指出,運動後馬上進食,肌肉對葡萄糖的吸收率較高,可增加瘦體組織 (肌肉量),此時醣類不易轉為脂肪堆積,可減少脂肪量及體脂率。若運動後不吃或拖很久才進食,肌肉對葡萄糖的吸收率下降非常多,造成肌肉增加量減半,脂肪量不減反增,體脂率更是不動如山。這是多數人拼命運動又瘦不下來的原因。把握以下時間點補充正確的食物,讓增肌減脂事半功倍!

運動前三小時——補水

分次補充 500 cc 的水分,避免脫水。

運動前一小時——低升糖的醣類食物+蛋白質

以好消化且低升糖的醣類食物為主,可選擇小型地瓜 1 顆、蘇打餅 3-4 片或小瓶無糖燕麥飲 1 瓶,幫助增加肝醣合成,避免太快無力及低血糖。若選擇高升糖的食物 (果汁、含糖飲料等) 會容易造成血糖波動較大而影響運動表現。

此時蛋白質為輔助角色,可選擇小盒低脂鮮奶 1 盒或低糖豆漿 1 杯,補充肌肉流失的胺基酸。

運動中——補水

每二十分鐘要補充水分,避免脫水造成運動能力下降。運動若超過一小時,需再補充含電解質的低糖運動飲料,醣類可提供能量,電解質則避免只補水所造成的鈉離子稀釋,導致利尿作用而脫水。

運動後——持續補水,把握黃金三十分鐘

運動後仍需補充水分。運動結束後三十分鐘內,需立即補充優質蛋白質,補充量為每人每公斤體重 0.25-0.5 公克,大約 2-4 份蛋白質食物 (1 份蛋白質=水煮蛋 1 顆=水煮雞胸肉 35 公克=無糖豆漿 190 cc =牛奶 240 cc),能快速修復肌肉組織並促進肌肉合成。

若運動時間超過一小時,則需合併補充醣類,用以儲存肌肉肝醣、促進肌肉蛋白質合成。醣類和蛋白質比例為 4:1-3:1 最佳,大約是饅頭夾蛋 1 份,或者中型地瓜 1 顆配茶葉蛋 1 顆。

吃高蛋白不等於長肌肉!一般正常人建議蛋白質攝取量為每公斤體重 0.8-1 公克即可,過量的蛋白質補充,除了造成腎臟的負擔,也可能走向脂肪合成的道路,反而成為增肌減脂的絆腳石。民眾若有高強度運動的習慣,可以依照醫師或營養師建議採用高蛋白飲食。疫情期間宅在家的時間變長,如果沒有維持過往的運動習慣,卻仍採行高蛋白飲食策略,長此以往對身體是有不利影響的。因此應依照目前的運動量,採用適合的飲食策略,才是維持健康體態的好方法。

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